Gyratory crusher



Jan. 9, 1940. .1. H. SPOHN, JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. Jo/v'nH. 5,00/7/7 Jr BY (2 ATTORNEY.

Jan. 9, 1940. .1. H. SPOHN, JR

GYRAIORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. Job/7'/7( 5 00/20 J/T W M A TTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet' 5 I 1 I w Jan. 9, 1940..1. H. SPOHN,JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1956 F'IE'5 E Jan. 9, 1940. J. H.SPOHN, JR

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed April 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 9,1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 3 Claims.

This invention relates generally to machines of the type commonly knownas gyratory crushers, which are used for the crushing or grinding of oreand like solids. Such machines make use 5 of a gyrating pestle disposedwith a stationary bowl.

Various objects of the invention can be outlined as follows: To providea machine capable of crushing ores to a relatively high degree of 10fineness, as distinguished from preliminary or coarse crushingoperations; to extend the latitude of sizes of material which suchmachines can handle; to facilitate the downward movement of materialbetween the opposed surfaces of the pestle and the bowl; to simplifycleaning of the bowl and the pestle; and to provide a machineparticularly useful for assay purposes.

Additional objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription, in which certain U. embodiments of the invention. have beendescribed in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross sec- 35 tion, illustrating ag'yratory provided with a top drive, incorporating the presentinvention.

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional detail taken along the .0 line 3-3 of Fi 1.

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of the pestle, incorporated in themachine of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a side elevational view, partly in crosssection, illustratinga modified form of sectional a bowl, which can be used in place of thebowl illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 5,and showing a portion of a pestle disposed within the bowl.

( Fig. 'l is a cross sectional view taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 5,and also showing the pestle incorporated in Fig, 6.

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view, partly in cross section, illustratinga modified form of machine 45 having a bottom drive, and incorporatingan attrition mill in addition to the parts forming a gyratory crusher.

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of Fig. 8. v

50 Fig. 10 is a cross sectional view taken along the line iii-l0 of Fig.8.

Fig. 11 is a side elevational view, in cross section, illustrating afurther modified form of the machine, in which a spindle extends throughthe 65 pestle, for driving a supplemental attrition mill.

Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view taken along the line l2-l2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a cross sectional view taken along the line I3-i3 of Fig. 12;

Referring first to that form of the invention illustrated. in Figs. 1 to4 inclusive, the machine consists of a stationary bowl iii, inconjunction with a pestle II. The upper end portion l2 of the pestle isof reduced diameter, and is journalled within an eccentric bushing l8.This bushing is in turn carried by the journal bracket II, and is fixedto'the drive pulley IS. The lower end of the pestle ll carriesa stubshaft ll of reduced diameter, which is concentric with the axis of thepestle. This stubgshaft is in turn carried by a casting i8, which issecured to the lower end of the bowl l0. Casting l8 isprovided withopenings IQ, for the discharge of crushed material. It will be evidentthat when the drive pulley it, together with bushing I3, is rotated, theupper end of the pestle is caused to gyrate through a circular path,about the main central vertical axis of the machine, and that while thestub shaft l'l permits such gyratory movement, it serves to retain thelower end of the pestle substantially aligned with the vertical axis.

- The lower portion of the bowl, as for example that part within thevertical limits indicated by letter A, are formed symmetrical withrespect to the vertical axis of the machine. In other words the surfaces2 la 01 this portion of the bowl, upon which the ore is ground, arecircular in transverse cross section, and are concentric with respect tothe. vertical axis. On the other hand, the upper portion of the bowl,through vertical limits such as exemplified by letter B, are nonsymmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the machine. This isbecause one side wall portion Ilia is flared laterally to provide anenlarged opening or mouth 22, for receiving the material to be crushedor ground.

In order to insure proper continuous downward movement .of the materialbeing ground, during operation of the machine, the machine of Fig. 1 isshown having its pestle provided with projecting ribs 23. Instead ofhaving these ribs extend in planes coincident with the axis of thepestle, they are disposed in a generally helicoidalfashion asillustrated, and are arranged at circumferentially spaced intervalsabout the pestle. The lower portion 24, or collar of the pestle, can-bemade as a separate part, secured to the main body of the pestle bysuitable means, such as by welding. Since this collar forms the lowerextremity of the pestle it is suitably dimensioned ll so that theclearance between it and the adjaof the fineness desired. Ribs 23 canbe' extended over the surface of collar 24, as illustrated.

The contours of the pestle and of the cooperating inner surfaces of thebowl, are proportioned in accordance with the type of crushing orgrinding desired. As illustrated the pestle has a maximum diameterwithin the limits of the symmetrical portion of the bowl. Above theplane of maximum diameter the pestle gradually decreases in diameter,and likewise it gradually decreases in diameter towards its lower end.On horizontal planes taken through the machine at various elevations,opposed crushing surfaces 4 which engage the material passing throughthe machine, assume various angles with respect to each other. Suchangles as measured only in a vertical plane, coincident with the centralaxis of the machine, can be termed angles of nip. By inspecting eitherhalf of Fig. 1, it will be evident that the angles of the nip arerelatively small at the upper end of the machine, that they graduallyincrease downwardly, and again decrease to a relatively small valueabout the lower portion of the pestle. Proportioningthe angle of nip inthis manner tends to more effectively cause downward movement of thematerial being crushed, thereby enabling the machine to operate atmaximum capacity. It should also be noted that the bowl, as shown inFig. 1, is undercut a slight amount. Thus for a region near the largestdiameter of the pestle, the inner surfaces of the bowl are contouredto'diameters larger than the zone immediately above the same. Suchundercutting serves to maintain the pestle in its lowermost position,without the use of special retaining means.

Because of the shaping of the pestle, the area displaced by the gyratingpestle is less near the top of the machine, greatest at the plane oflargest diameter, and again less near the lower end of the pestle.

Operation of the machine described above can now be reviewed as follows:Drive pulley I3 is driven at a suitable speed, to move the upper end ofthe pestle through a circular path about the central axis of themachine. Material to be crushed, which may vary as to size and which maybe wet or dry, is introduced into the mouth 22 of the bowl. Somepreliminary crushing takes place within the mouth of the bowl,particularly with respect to the larger sizes, and some of the materialprogresses about the pestle, while another portion of the materialimmediately feeds downwardly towards the large diameter of the pestle.As the pestle operates upon the material, it rotates about its own axis,in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the fly wheell6. Such rotation of the pestle about its own axis causes the veins 23to act upon the material to urge it downwardly, and to minimize anytendency for the material to clog or pack. Before the crushed materialcan pass out of the machine, it must be of proper fineness to pass thecollar 24.

It should be understood that the ribs 23 need not be continuous fortheir entire extent.- In fact satisfactory results have been obtained byusing studs 26, such as shown in Fig. 4. Such studs can be arranged inspaced rows which are disposed helicoidally, as illustrated. In suchevent the collar 24 can be provided with ribs 27, serving as extensionsof the rows of studs 26.

For many purposes, as for example assay operations, it is desirable toprovide a construction enabling quick removal of the bowl for cleaning.In the modification of Figs. 5 to '7 inclusive, this is made possible bysplitting the bowl on a vertical plane, and by providing a hingedmounting, whereby the two sections'of the bowl can be swung away fromthe pestle. Thus a frame 28 is provided, which includes a base 29, andrigid spaced uprights 3|. The bowl 32..is formed of two side sections3211 and 32b. These sections have hinge connections 33 with one of theuprights 3|, whereby they may be swung on a vertical axis. Forreleasably clamping the bowl sections to the uprights 3|, removableclamp bolts 34 are provided, which extend through flanges formed onthe'bowl sections, and through "the uprights 3|. The journal bracket 36,for the upper end of the pestle, is removably clamped by bolts-to theupper end of bowl section 32b, and to the upper ends of the uprights 3|.

When it is desired to clean the machine in Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive, thebolts attaching journal bracket 36 to the bowl section 32b, are removed,and then after removal of the clamp bolts 34, the two bowl sections canbe swung apart away from the pestle. As illustrated in Fig. 6, thepestle 31 in this instance is proportioned differently than the pestleillustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and the inner faces of the bowllikewise have a different proportioning. The stub shaft 4| extendingfrom the lower end of the pestle, is shown seated in a socket 42,provided in the base portion 29. This base portion of the frame is alsoshown provided with openings 43, for discharge ofcrushed material. By aninspection of Fig. '1 in conjunction with Fig. 5, it will be noted thatthe enlarged mouth 44 for receiving material fed to the machine, isformed by modifying the dimensioning of both the bowl sections. In thisinstance the contour of the upper portion of the bowl, taken on a planenormal to the axis of the machine, is substantially circular, but offsetwith respect to the vertical axis of the machine.

Since the bowl, of Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive is not undercut, means isprovided for holding down the pestle in proper operating position. Thusa pin 4|! is shown extending from shaft 4 I, and nuts carried by thispin are engaged by the compression spring 45.

Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive illustrate a further species of the machine,having a mechanism which can be more conveniently operated for cleaningthe machine, and also which incorporates an attrition mill, togetherwith the gyratory crusher. Thus in this case the bowl 46 is formed oftwo side sections 46a and 46b. The frame is in the form of a yoke,including the base portion 41, the two spaced uprights 48, and the topportion 49 connecting the upper ends of the uprights. The bowl sectionsare provided with projecting arms 5|, which in turn have hingeconnections 52 with one of the uprights 48. The upper end of the pestle53 is provided'with an enlarged head 54, which is swivelled within acage 56. This cage in turn is mounted in the top portion 49 of theframe, for vertical adjustment, as by means of a threaded connection.

The attrition mill acts upon the material delivered from the lower endof the pestle, and can be constructed as follows:-- Mounted below thebowl 46, and within an opening 51 provided in the base of the frame,there is a combined drive pulley and fly wheel 58. This drive pulley isjournalled to a ring 59, which in turn is carried $186,598 by the frameof themachine. Thus the ring is' shown secured to an underlying casting60, which is connected to the main part of the frame by webs 6|. Theupper face of drive pulley 98 carries the hardened grinding cone 82,which cooperates with a conical shaped housing 83. The stub shaft 84,extending from the lower end of the pestle .08, is accommodated by abushing 89 in the drive wheel 58, and this bushing is disposed eccentricto impart the desired gyrating movement to the pestle.

The cone shaped housing 83 of the attrition mill is made in two sections88a and 88b, which are preferably adjustable in a vertical direction.The upper part of the housing 99 is provided with a collar 81, whichslidably fits a lower annular extension 880i the bowl 48. Likewise thelower peripheral portion of the housing 63 is provided with a dependingflange 89, which slidably fits an upstanding annular flange I I, formedupon 'the base 41. Each of the housing sections is provided with alaterally extending arm I2, which are .pivotally carried on the verticalrods 13. Extending at right angles to the rods I9 and adjacent the same,there is a shaft 14, the end portions of which carry pinions I6. whenthe two sections 890 and 93b of the attrition mill housing are closed,rack teeth I1 formed upon the ends of arms I2, engage the pinions I9,whereby upon turning the shaft 14, the assembled housing 09 can beraised or lowered a slight amount.

To provide convenient means for releasably clamping together the twosections of the bowl 48, and the two sections of the attrition millhousing 63, a pair of clamp bars I8 are provided. The lower ends ofthese bars have pivotal connections I9 with the base 41. Their innerfaces are provided with grooves 8| to engage flanges 82 formed upon thesections of the bowl 49, and to engage similar flanges formed on thesections'of the housing 69. These bars can be advanced or retracted bymeans of threaded rods 83, which carry hand wheels 84. Upon retractingthe bar I8 the two sections of the attrition mill housing 63, and alsothe two sections of the bowl 46, can be swung outwardly away from thepestle. to facilitate cleaning operations.

In the form of pestle illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, a lower shoulder 86is provided, which is formed on a relatively flat angle. This shouldercooperates wtih a shoulder 81 formed in the lower portion of the bowhandthe clearance between the surfaces afforded by collar 88 and theshoulder 8'I, definitely limits the size of material permitted to passfrom the bowl, to the attrition mill. Without such cooperatingshoulders, a bottom drive machine of this character would not becapable, of comparatively flne grinding, by action of the pestle. i I

With respect to the attrition mill, and its connection with the pestle,suitable means can be employed to prevent entrance of fine solids intothe bushinglli' For example, the upper end of the attrition cone 92 isshown provided with an annular portion 88, which is accommodated in anannular recess formed in the lower end of the pestle. Suitable packingmeans 89, is provided at this point, to form an effective seal.

To suitably direct the discharge of ground material from the attritionmill, a discharge conduit 9| can be appliedto the bottom of the machineas illustrated. This conduit may direct the ground material to anyfurther apparatus being employed to'operate upon the material.

' pestle, about the hinge connections III.

The machine described with respect to Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive willoperate substantially the same as the other machines,,except that afterthe material has been reduced to a certain'flneness by action of thepestle, it is delivered to the attrition mill, where it is subjected tofurther grinding to reduce it to a fineness suitable say for assaypurposes. Application of gyratory movement to the bottom of the pestledoes not modify the crushing action to a material extent, except that inthis case the greatest amplitude of gyrating movement is applied at apoint wherethe finer material is being crushed.

That form of the invention illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive, alsomakes use of an attrition mill in conjunction with gyratory crushing,but the drive in this instance is applied to the top of the machineinstead of to the bottom. The frame of the machine in this instanceconsists of a base 92, together with the spaced uprights 93, and the topportion 94 connecting the upper ends of the uprights. The bowl 96 inthis instance is likewise formed in two sections 96a and 98b, and

'isintegral with lower portions 91, which provide a housing. for theattrition mill. The pestle 95 is formed to provide a longitudinalopening 80, to accommodate the spindle 98. The upper end of spindle 98is connected to be driven bythe pulley wheel 99, which likewise isassociated with means for imparting gyratory movement to the upper endof the pestle 99. Thus the pulley itself is journalled to the upperportion 94 of the machine frame. Adjustably mounted within this pulley,as by means of a threaded connection, there is a cage IOI, whicheccentrically carries the upper end of the pestle 98. Adjustably carriedwithin the cage IOI, as by means of a threaded connection, there is aplug I02, having a concentric drive connection with the upper end ofspindle 98. Thus when pulley 99 is rotated the upper end of the pestleis gyrated, while the spindle 98 is rotated and is maintained alignedwith respect to the vertical center line of the machine.

The, lower end of the spindle 98 has a drive connection with the innerconical part I03 of the attrition mill. This part of the attrition millis separately journalled upon the stub shaft I04. which in turn issuitably supported by the frame of the machine. For example a hollowstrut I08 can extend across the lower portion of the frame, to serve asa mounting for the stub shaft I04. To facilitate releasably clamping thetwo sections of the bowl together, clamping bars I01 are provided, whichare somewhat similar to the clamping bars I8 of Fig. 8, except that inthis case their upper ends have pivotal connections I 08 with the frameof the machine. Extending through the hollow strut I08 there is arotatable shaft I09, having threaded portions I I0, engaging the lowerends of the clamp bars I01. By turning the shaft I09 the bars I0'I canbe swung outwardly, to release the two sections of the bowl, and thuspermit them to be swung outwardly away from the The machine justdescribed is particularly desirable for assay purposes, becauseof theease with which it can be cleaned and adjusted for various grindingoperations.

I claim:

1. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed ina generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, one side ofthe upper portion of the bowl being flared laterally to provide anenlarged opening for receiving material to be ground, the walls formingbowl being curvilinear in horizontal planes and gradually convergingwith the pestle from the flared portion of the bowl to said oppositeside; and means for gyrating one end of the pestle.

2. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed ina generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, the lowerportion of the bowl affording crushing surfaces symmetrically disposedabout the pestle, the upper portion of the bowl aifording both coarseand flne crushing surfaces entirely surrounding the upper portion of thepestle and non-symmetrically disposed about the same, said last namedcrushing surfaces being formed by bowl walls which on one side of thepestle are ofiset laterally from the pestle by an amount substantiallygreater than the walls forming the diametrically opposite side of thebowl, the walls of the bowl being curvilinear in horizontal planes andgradually converging with the pestle from the side of maximum offsetlaterally from the pestle to said opposite side of the bowl, and meansfor gyrating one end of the pestle in a circular path.

3. In a machine for crushing ore and like material, a pestle disposed ina generally upright position, a bowl surrounding the pestle, the lowerportion 01' the bowl aflording crushing surfaces symmetrically disposedabout the pestle, the upper portion 01' the bowl. affording both coarseand fine crushing surfaces entirely surrounding the upper portion 01'the pestle and non-symmetrically disposed about the same, said lastnamed crushing surfaces being formed by bowl walls 7 which on one sideoi the pestle are ofl'set laterally irom the pestle by an amountsubstantially greater than the walls forming the diametrically oppositeside of the bowl, contour of the bowl on planes normal to the axis ofthe pestle being substantially circular for both said upper and lowerbowl portions, and means for gyrating one end of the pestle in acircular path. I

' JOHN H. SPOHN, Jn.

the inner peripheral

